21-07-2014, 12:08 PM
Sensor Network Based Automatic Control System for Oil Pumping Unit Management
Sensor Network Based Automatic.pdf (Size: 245.96 KB / Downloads: 46)
Abstract
Most oil pumping units (OPUs) have been using
manual control in the oilfield. This existing oil-pumping
system has a high power-consuming process and needs more
manual power. In this paper, a sensor network based intelligent
control is proposed for power economy and efficient oil well
health monitoring. This paper consists of several basic sensors
such as voltage sensor, current sensor, oil pressure sensor,
temperature sensor and gas sensor. These sensors are used for
oil well data sensing, i.e. it senses and collects the data from
the oil well. The sensed data is given to the controller which
processes the oil wells data and it is given to the oil pump
control unit which controls the process accordingly. If any
abnormality is detected then the fault is informed to the
maintenance manager. The malfunction is sent as an SMS to
the manager‟s mobile via GSM. Thus oil wells can be
monitored and controlled from remote places.
INTRODUCTION
To overcome these three disadvantages of the existing
manual control system, a sensor network based automatic
control system is proposed for OPU management and oil well
health monitoring. This proposed system consists of three-level
sensors: the fist level sensors (FLS), the intelligent sensors (IS)
and the third level sensors (TLS). A set of FLS, i.e., five
sensors, are commonly used for an oil well‟s data sensing,
which includes a temperature sensor, an gas sensor, a voltage
sensor, a current sensor and an oil pressure sensor. The IS is
developed mainly for an oil well‟s data elementary processing,
typical data storage/indication, data/status transmission up to
the TLS and command transmission down to the OPU motor
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The proposed system is comprised of developed TLS, each
of which wirelessly communicates with hundreds of IS. Each
IS is designed with the capability of data transferability with a
set of FLS, its adjacent IS and its corresponding TLS as well as
the capability of command transmission down to its OPU
motor. Each group of FLS, including a temperature sensor, an
gas sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and an oil
pressure sensor, are used for data sensing from an OPU, which
convert all measurements into electrical signals and then
transport them into its corresponding IS.
DEVELOPMENT OF IS
A. System Description of IS
The IS mainly contains two components: the designed
control board and the frequency converter. Five kinds of
sensing data from FLS are imported to its IS. The IS usually
transmits oil well static parameters, significant malfunction
reports, dynamic sensing data and elementary processing data
directly to the TLS.
On the other hand, when acquiring a pumping stroke
adjustment command from the TLS, the control board executes
this command by transporting the corresponding control logic
down to the frequency converter, which has the capability of
changing power frequency as well as the OPU‟s pumping
stroke.
B. Design Diagram of IS
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed IS. The IS
consists of the following six modules: a central processing
unit(CPU) module, a sensing module, a relay protection
module, a frequency converter module, a wireless
communication module and a user interface module
Malfunction Diagnosis
functions, including (1) underground oil shortage, (2) gas
effect, (3) wax deposition, and (4) oil pump serious leakage.
Different malfunctions have quite different LPD. The typical
LPD of these 4 malfunctions are illustrated where no
malfunction corresponds to a quasi-parallelogram LPD;
underground oil shortage corresponds to a „gun‟-shape LPD;
some irregular dog teeth
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a sensor network based oil well remote health
monitoring and intelligent control system was proposed for
OPU management in the oilfield. This proposed system
consists of three-level sensors: the FLS, the IS and the TLS.
The FLS have been used for an oil well‟s data sensing,
including a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, a voltage sensor, a
current sensor and an oil pressure sensor for each oil well. The
IS was designed mainly for an oil well‟s data elementary
processing, main fault alarm/indication, typical data
storage/indication, data/status transmission up to the TLS,
data/status transmission between IS, command transmission
down to the OPU motor. And the SD TLS was designed for
hundreds of oil well‟s data storage/management, data
processing malfunction detection, malfunction
alarm/indication; stroke-adjustment command transmission
down to a specific IS for power economy and malfunction
reporting to maintenance staff via GSM SMS. Two significant
goals: remote pumping stroke adjustment and automatic oil
well malfunction diagnosis have also been justified.
Furthermore, the remote OPU management in the proposed
system was convenient than the existing manual control
system