27-09-2016, 03:57 PM
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Abstract:
Smart dust is a tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary capabilities. Smart dust combines sensing, computing, wireless communication capabilities and autonomous power supply within volume of only few millimetres and that too at low cost. These devices are proposed to be so small and light in weight that they can remain suspended in the environment like an ordinary dust particle. These properties of Smart Dust will render it useful in monitoring real world phenomenon without disturbing the original process to an observable extends. Presently the achievable size of Smart Dust is about 5mm cube, but we hope that it will eventually be as small as a speck of dust. Individual sensors of smart dust are often referred to as motes because of their small size. These devices are also known as MEMS, which stands for micro electro-mechanical sensors.
Introduction
It was first developed by Professor Kris Pister at the University of California, Berkeley.
Smart Dust is a self-contained network of tiny motes each having the capability of sensing and monitoring the environment conditions.
They are tiny particles which will be around the size of a grain of sand.
They contain sensors which have the computational capability, power supply, programmable microprocessor, analog circuitry.
A network of these motes leads to SMART DUST project.
They can communicate with a base station or with other motes depending on the application.
Requirements
Smart Dust nodes otherwise known as ³motes´ are usually of the size of a grain of sand and each mote consists of the following:
1. Sensors
2. Transmitter & receiver enabling bidirectional wireless communication.
3. Processors and control circuitry
4. Power supply unit.
Advantages
Efficient Functionality
Small Size
Better Connectivity
Low Cost
Applications
1. Civil and military applications where chemical & biological agents in a battle field are detected.
2. Virtual keyboard: A dust mote can be glued on each of the fingernails.
Accelerometers will sense the orientation and motion of each of the fingertips. Combined with a MEMS augmented-reality heads-up display, your entire computer I/O would be invisible to the people around you.
3 .Inventory Control Smart office spaces
The Centre for the Built Environment has fabulous plans for the office of the future in which environmental conditions are tailored to the desires of every individual.
4. Dust motes may be used in places where wired sensors are unusable or may lead to errors. E.g.:-Instrumentation of semiconductor processing chambers, wind tunnels, rotating machinery etc.
5. May be used in biological research e.g.:- to monitor movements and internal processes of insects.
6. Forest fire warning.
7. Enemy troop monitoring.
8. Defence-related sensor networks.
9. Inventory Control.
Conclusion
Smart dust is made up of thousands of sand-grain-sized sensors that can measure ambient light and temperature.
The sensors -- each one is called a "mote" -- have wireless communications devices attached to them, and if you put a bunch of them near each other, they'll network themselves automatically.
There are many ongoing researches on Smart Dust, the main purpose of these researches is to make Smart Dust mote as small as possible and to make it available at as low price as possible. Soon we will see Smart Dust being used in varied application from all spans of life.