22-09-2016, 03:36 PM
1455765192-Smartgrid.docx (Size: 27.07 KB / Downloads: 3)
Smart grid technology is an extended form of analog technology that has also been introduced for controlling the use of appliances by employing two-way communication.
TECHNOLOGY:
The bulk of smart grid technologies are already used in other applications such as manufacturing and telecommunications and are being adapted for use in grid operations. In general, smart grid technology can be grouped into four key areas.
INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS:
Integrated communications will allow for real-time control, information and data exchange to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security.
SENSING AND MEASUREMENT:
Sensing combined with Real time thermal rating system, electromagnetic signature measurement/analysis, real-time pricing tools, advanced switches and cables and Digital protective relays. Measurements by smart meters and meter reading equipment
SMART METERS:
By using smart meters, depending on the utility, customers may be contacted or devices may be shut down or have their setting modified automatically during times of peak demand.
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS:
High speed sensors called phasor measurement units (PMUs) distributed throughout a transmission network can be used to monitor the state of the electric system. PMUs can take measurements at rates of up to 30 times per second, which is much faster than the speed of existing technologies.
APPLICATIONS:
Improve fault detection and allow self-healing of the network without the intervention of technicians.
This will ensure more reliable supply of electricity, and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters or attack.
It will be better able to handle possible bi-direction energy flows.
A smart grid may adjust the load by warning all individual sets, or another larger customer, to reduce the load temporarily.
The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power, even without the addition of energy storage.
Advanced sensors, and distributed computing technology will improve the efficiency, reliability and safety of power delivery and use.
The amount of data required to perform monitoring and switching one's appliances is very small compared that of conventional grids.