25-08-2014, 11:22 AM
A REMOTE ELECTRICITY
BILLING SYSTEM
A REMOTE ELECTRICITY.pdf (Size: 1.25 MB / Downloads: 114)
ABSTRACT
Electric power distribution is the most valuable part of electrical power system in the process of
delivering electricity to consumer. Electric power companies are now-a-days adopting some
advanced systems such as computer aided monitoring control and management of electric power,
so that it can provide better services to electric consumers. This project results an approach to
automate the electricity billing system. The concept of prepaid is one of the emerging fields for
the paid service providers. The concept is becoming so popular because it has so many
advantages. The services like electricity, gas, water telephone etc are now days get privatized.
The service provider company some time incurs heavy losses due to non collection of bills.
These service items cannot be recovered from the user after providing, so the concept of prepaid
reduce risk and increase profitability. Also the bill collection infrastructure is not necessary
which intern increase improve the efficiency of the service providing companies. The concept of
prepaid starts in the manual form by receiving advance deposits but now due to the revolution of
IT and electronics industry the manual recharging process is replaced with automatic and
electronic recharging. The recharging methods can be with wire based like telephone line and
also by using wireless technology like radio and bluetooth communication. The prepaid system is
designed with a smart technology using microcontroller and the recharging process is by some
method of communication. The Mobile based recharging is very attractive recharging system.
The recharging can be done from any remote place without accessing the energy meter
physically. This concept of remote charging makes the system more flexible
. DESIGN PRINCIPLE/
The Prepaid Energy meter with Mobile Based Recharging System is designed by using a 8 bit
microcontroller. The Microcontroller receives the pulse by interfacing optical pickups from a
traditional electromagnetic energy meter. The Prepaid Energy meter with Mobile Based
Recharging System works with the principle as follows
Pulse Counting
The electronic energy meter is interfaced to the microcontroller through opto-isolator. The
energy meter receives its Input from two number of CT's, one is connected to the phase and the
other one is connected to the neutral. A V.T. through bridge rectifier is used to provide
(+5V/+12V) to the microcontroller & other component for their use. So the processor reads V
from V.T., I(depends on Power Factor) from C.T. and their product is seen on the digital screen
of the Meter. The energy meter internal circuit working with a low voltage (+5v) which is not
isolated. There are four LED on Energy Meter.
Mobile Phone based recharging
In this project the Prepaid Energy meter can be charged from a remote by using a mobile. Once
the user feel to recharge the prepaid energy meter, he can transfer the amount to the service
provider bank account and the service provider will make a call to the system and log in to that
and charge it by entering digits from its key pad. The recharging can be done from any mobile
set but the system access code must be put in to the system to log into the energy meter. This
type of systems are now days getting popular. Many popular and well known companies make
products and sale in the market
Circuit Connection
Here we are using Transformer (0-12) v, 1Amp, IC 7805 and 7812, diodes IN 4007, LED and
resistors. Here 230V, 50 Hz ac signal is fed to the primary of the transformer as input and the
secondary of the transformer is fed for DC output to the bridge rectifier. The IC regulator (7805
and 7812) is fed from the output of the diode for input purpose through capacitor
(1000mf/35volt). The output of the IC regulator is given to the LED through resistors to detect
whether the supply is ON/OFF.
3.1.2 Circuit Explanations
When we give an AC signal to the primary coil of the transformer, due to the magnetic effect of
these conductors magnetic flux is induced in these conductors(primary) and this flux is
transferred to the secondary conductors by the transformer action. Transformer is an
electromechanical static device which transformer electrical energy from one conductors to
another without any change in its frequency. Here the diodes are connected in a bridge section.
The secondary conductors of the transformer is given to the bridge circuit for the purpose of
rectification
Operation
The output of the sampling voltage (3v) given to the input of the comparator. We set a voltage of
say 3.5 in the comparator to the inverting end. The non-inverting terminal is less than inverting
terminal in this case. The line voltage is in the normal condition due to low output of the
comparator. If the current increases, the corresponding voltage will increase. That voltage is
given to the input of the non-inverting terminal(which is a reference voltage) of the OP-amp
(lm393) what we use as a voltage comparator.
In this comparator we have to set the voltage say 3.5V to the inverting terminal. In this case
inverting terminal is lesser than the non-inverting terminal. Which means output of the
comparator becomes +Vsat which is HIGH this means that over current has occurred. The o/p of
the comparator is connected to a led indicator circuit to indicate the high low condition.
3.5.2 DESCRIPTION (LM393)
There is two independent low voltage comparators in the device which are designed to operate
from an one supply over a much range of voltages. It can also work from split power supplies.
These comparators have the unique characteristic that the input common-mode voltage range
includes ground even in the case when it is operated from a single power supply voltage.
CONCLUSION
This project present a model for prepaid meter using mobile communication. It is demonstrated
for measuring the electrical energy consumption of an electrical load for single phase system.
This microcontroller based energy meter prototype which is implemented to provide upto 0.4
amp load from a 230 volt to neutral voltage. In the overloaded condition it will draws more than
0.4 amp current then the bulb will fluctuate (ON/OFF) rapidly. By removing the extra load we
can stop the overloaded condition .In real life it will remove the problem of load shadding. The
process of reading of energy meter is done by LCD which is more simpler than that for analog
meter .If the consumer will not pay the bill then there is no need of man to go & cut the power
supply, here the model has the advantage that if consumer will not pay the money then after
consuming the rest unit it will automatically disconnect the load from power supply. This energy
meter has the potential to change the traditional billing system. The energy billing system may
help the energy distribution companies to reduce costs and increase profits, to improve metering
and billing accuracy and efficiency, and to contribute the energy in a sustainable way.
The test results obtained by the model is quite satisfactory and found to be having very much less
error then the experimental tolerance level. This has been observed that the system is quite stable
and do not show any error or instability during its operation