06-02-2016, 04:52 PM
INTRODUCTION
Training and Development:
Every organization needs to have well trained and experienced people to perform the activities that have to be done. Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their behavior. It attempts to improve their performance on their current job and prepare them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance, but also which bring about the growth of the personality; help individuals in the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capabilities so that they become not only good employees but better men and women. In organizational terms, it is intended to equip person to earn promotions and hold greater responsibility.
Training a person for a bigger and higher job is development. And this may well include not only imparting specific skills and knowledge but also inculcating certain personality and mental attitudes. As the jobs become more complex, the importance of employee development also increases. In a rapidly changing society, employee training and development are not only an activity that is desirable but also an activity that an organization must commit resources to if it is to maintain a viable and knowledgeable work force.
Training has played a very important role in helping the corporation to reach the commanding heights of performance. Any training would be considered to be successful only when the knowledge gained by the participants is transferred to the job performance Training is the main function of HR. To enhance the Corporation's growth and keep the Corporation ready to anticipate all types of competition and face it too, there is a need that Human Resource should play more active role for overall progress of the Corporation.
The impact of training programme is to mould the employee’s attitude and help them to synergies individual goals with organizational goals. It also helps in reducing dissatisfaction, complaints, absenteeism and labour turnover.Organization and individual should develop and progress simultaneously for their survival and attainment of mutual goals. So, every modem management has to develop the organization through human resources development. Employee training is the most important sub-system of human resources development. Training is a specialized function and is one of the fundamental operative functions for human resources management.
Training makes a very important contribution to the development of the organization's human resources and hence to the achievement of its aims and objectives. To achieve its purpose, training needs to be effectively managed so that the right training is given to the-right people, in the right form, at right time and at the right costs.Training is different form college education. Training is purely vocational, in contrast to education, the main purpose of which is the development of general culture. Education is person-oriented while training is job-oriented. The term 'training' indicates the process involved in improving the aptitudes, skills, and abilities of the employees to perform specific jobs. Training helps in updating old talents and developing new ones.
Meaning:
After an employee is selected, placed and introduced in an organization he/she must be provided with training facilities in order to adjust him to the job. Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. Training is a short-term educational process and utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which employees learn technical knowledge and skills for a definite purpose.
Definition of Training & Development
Dale S Beach defines the training as "the organized procedure by which people learn knowledge and/or skill for a definite purpose."
àDale S Beach
According to Edwin B. Flippo, "Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job".
àEdwin B.Flippo
“Training means to imparting specific skills for specific objectives”
“Development can be defined as the nature and direction of change taking place among personnel through educational & training.”
-“McFarland”.
“Training refers to the organizations efforts to improve an individual’s ability to perform a job.”
“Development refers to the organization’s efforts to enhance an individual’s abilities to advance in his organization to perform additional job duties.”
-“Dunn & Stephens”.
Training involves the development of skills that are usually necessary to perform a specific job. Its purpose is to achieve a change in the behavior of those trained and to enable them to do their jobs better. Training makes newly appointed workers fully productive in the minimum of time. Training is equally necessary for the old employees whenever new machines and equipment are introduced and /or there is a change in the techniques of doing the things. In fact, training is a continuous process. It does not stop anywhere. The managers are continuously engaged in training their subordinates. They should ensure that any training programme should attempt to bring about positive changes in the (a) knowledge, (b) skills, and © attitudes of the workers. "The purpose of training is to bring about improvement in the performance of work. It includes the learning of such techniques as are required for the better performance of definite tasks.
In other words training improves changes and moulds the employee's knowledge, skill, behavior and aptitude and attitude towards the requirements of the job and the organization. Training refers to the teaching and learning activities carried on for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization to aquifer and apply the knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes needed by a particular job and organization.Thus, training. bridges the differences between job requirements and employee's present specifications.
Scope of the Training:
Training and development, on a continuous basis, is essential for gaining a competitive edge. Today's organizations need to communicate their results to the world. Their publics include customers, employees, creditors, suppliers and the general public. The effectiveness of business activities demands that the managers should possess diverse skills and performance management abilities. This can be accomplished only through training efforts.The word 'training' consists of eight letters, to each of which could be attributed some significant meanings in the following manner:
(l) T: Talent and Tenacity (strong determination)
(2) R: Reinforcement (Some thing positive to be reinforced into memory and system again and again, until it becomes a spontaneous affair)
(3) A: Awareness (with which one can easily take long strides of progress)
(4) I: Interest (which is invariably accompanied by experience oriented intensity)
(5) N: Novelties (the new things, the like of which would sustain our interest and fill our hearts with thrills and sensations)
(6) I: Intensity (the training instilled into the trainees mind must acquire experience-oriented intensity)
(7) N: Nurturing (it does refer to incessant nurturing of talent, which otherwise would remain latent and domant)
(8) G: Grip (a fine grip over the situation solves multiple problems and enables one to acquire a practical and programmatic approach along with all tricks and tactics to achieve success after success in one's endeavors)
The following points of warning must be given to the person who undergoes the process of any training programme:
0ne has no right to be complacent and stagnant about one's own progress.
0ne need not be unethical and crooked while being on the track to achieve one's goals.
0ne doesn't have to disturb others, or obstruct others progress while sustaining one's own profitability.0ne need not resort to deception, fake and fraudulent means to achieve success or triumph in marketing, customer satisfaction and such other activities.
Goal of Training:
Training has certain goal, where the main aim is to train the employees with the best of the knowledge available so that performance is achieved to the maximum and as well it leads to higher job satisfaction. The questions in this section are designed to help the owner-manager define the objective or goal to be achieved by a training program. Whether the objective is to conduct initial training, to provide for upgrading employees, or to retrain for changing job assignments, the goal,should be spelled out before developing the plan for the training program.
Type of Training:
The type of training to be offered has an important bearing on the balance of the program. Some types lend themselves to achieving all of the objectives or goals, while others are limited. Therefore you should review the advantages of each type in relation toyour objective or goal.