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Abstract
This paper gives information related to
OFF grid application system, which is
independent of supply from the grid. The source
to generate electricity through renewable
resources, we prefer sunlight as the main source.
The objective is to supply water for the fields
through solar powered water pump and
automate the system for better management of
resources. The farmer (user) can water the fields
from any place using GSM technique which
provides an acknowledgement message about the
situation. The main advantage of this project is
optimizing the power usage through water
resource management and also saving
government’s free subsidiary electricity. This
proves an efficient and economy way of irrigation
and this will automate the agriculture sector.
I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in India has a significant
history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in
farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like
forestry and fisheries accounted for 16.6% of the
GDP in 2009, about 50% of the total workforce. The
economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP
is steadily declining with the country's broad-based
economic growth. Still, agriculture is
demographically the broadest economic sector and
plays a significant role in the overall socioeconomic
fabric of India.
In India most of the power generation is
carried out by conventional energy sources, coal and
mineral oil-based power plants which contribute
heavily to greenhouse gases emission. Setting up of
new power plants is inevitably dependent on import
of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to
tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization
of abundantly available renewable energy resources,
such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy,
geothermal energy and Ocean energy.
The projection for irrigation water demand
basically depends on irrigated area, cropping
pattern, effective rainfall, and soil and water quality.
India‟s current population is 1100 million is
expected to stabilize at some stage. The projected
population is 1500 million by 2050 with agriculture remaining as the primary source of livelihood in
rural areas.
Though our country claims to have
developed in terms of science and technology,
erratic power supply or complete breakdown for
hours together has almost become routine today. If
this be the case for urban dwellers, think about the
farmers living in remote villages. They need power
for irrigating their crops, or lighting their cattle
sheds. What can they do?
The reasons for having large gap between
requirement and consumed energy could be the
wastage of electrical energy. The foremost reason
can be that the power supplied for agricultural needs
is during the night hours. Farmers Switch on the
pump motor and leave it „on‟ for the whole night.
Farmers do not bother to switch off the pump motor
when the land is filled with sufficient water level.
This is the main source of wastage of electrical
energy from the grid.
II. OFF-GRID SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
Providing adequate and quality power to
domestic and other consumers remains one of the
major challenges before the country. There is also
an increasing concern to reduce reliance on fossil
fuels in meeting power needs and opting for cleaner
and greener fuels instead. With about 300 clear
sunny days in a year, India‟s potential for producing
solar power is far more than its current total energy
consumption. However, presently the amount of
solar energy produced in India is insignificant
compared to other energy resources. Therefore,
solar power is being increasingly utilized worldwide
as a renewable source of energy. India has huge
untapped solar off-grid opportunities, given its
ability to provide energy to vast untapped remote
rural areas, the scope of providing backup power to
cell towers and its inherent potential to replace
precious fossil fuels. The solar PV off-grid
opportunities in India are huge, given the fact that
over 400 million people do not have access to grid
connected electricity. The off-grid opportunities are
significant, given the cost involved in off-grid
applications when compared to huge financial
investments to be made to set up grids. Moreover,
specific government incentives to promote off-grid
applications, rapid expansion of wireless telecom
and telecom companies‟ desire to reduce operating
cost for base stations are also expected to prompt growth in off-grid opportunities. The potential of
replacing huge usage of kerosene used for lighting
rural homes makes off-grid applications desirable.
Off-grid PV application examples include remote
village electrification, power irrigation pump sets,
telecom towers, back-up power generation, captive
power generation and city, street, billboard and
highway lighting.
The government‟s solar mission envisages
off-grid applications reaching 2,000 Mw by 2022
and deploying 20 million solar lighting systems for
rural areas
III. SOLAR POWER UTILIZATION FOR WATER
PUMPING
Water is the primary source of life for
mankind and one of the most basic necessities for
rural development. The rural demand for water for
crop irrigation and domestic water supplies is
increasing. At the same time, rainfall is decreasing in
many arid countries, so surface water is becoming
scarce.
As these trends continue, mechanized water
pumping will become the only reliable alternative for
lifting water from the ground. Diesel, gasoline, and
kerosene pumps have traditionally been used to
pump water. However, reliable solar (photovoltaic
[PV])are now emerging on the market and are
rapidly becoming more attractive than the traditional
power sources. These technologies powered by
renewable energy sources (solar), are especially
useful in remote locations where a steady fuel supply
is problematic and skilled maintenance personnel are
scarce.
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
This project objective is to supply water for
the fields in alternative way by generating electricity
(through solar panels) in order to save 22% of the
total power production in INDIA. Here, we introduce
an advanced technique of control through GSM
module. The components required for the project is
solar panel, battery, relay, dc pump, GSM module,
microcontroller, water tank.
When the sunlight falls on the solar panel, it
liberates the electrons within the material which then
move to produce a DC current. This dc power is
stored in the battery so that the pump can operate
even in the night time by discharging the battery.
The other end of the battery is connected to the relay
and relay is connected to DC PUMP.A water tank is
present in order to store the water for watering the
fields. Water tank consists of 4 sensors in order to
sense the level of water in the tank and send it to PIC
micro-controller (16F877A) and water tank is also
having valve and this valve action is controlled by
small servo motor. The GSM module is used which
is a hardware component that allows the capability to
send and receive SMS to and from the system.
CONCLUSION
The history of agriculture dates back
thousands of years, and the development has been
driven and defined by greatly different climates,
cultures and technologies. The main contribution of
this paper is to give a overview of project model
which will greatly develop the irrigation system in
India. The automation of an irrigation system will
largely reduce the gap between requirement and
consumed energy and further conserves the resources
thereby reducing the wastage of resource.