09-04-2013, 04:49 PM
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION USING SPS & RECTENNA
WIRELESS POWER.doc (Size: 686 KB / Downloads: 28)
ABSTRACT
Solar energy is the most abundant stream of energy. It is available directly as solar isolation and indirectly as wind energy. Solar energy has the sources of renewable energy. Its potential is 178 Billion MW, which is about 20,000 times the world’s demand. Sun sends out energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
In this project we use the solar energy for generation of electrical energy, by using the Solar cells. The solar cells receive the solar energy. The solar cells operate on the photo-electric energy by using solar cells principle. The energy from the photo voltaic cells is used to switch on the lights.
At present solar electric power generation systems are having fixed solar panels whose efficiency of generation is less. The aim of the project is to introduce the SOLAR TRACKING to the existing fixed solar panels, thus we are maintaining the constant maximum power output. Thus by using this tracking system we can increase the conversion efficiency of the solar electric power generation.
Introduction
Sun is the primary source of Energy. The earth receives 16 x 1018 units of energy from the sun annually, which is 20,000 times the requirement of mankind on the Earth. Some of the Solar Energy causes evaporation of water, leading to rains and creation of rivers etc. Some of it is utilized in photosynthesis which is essential for sustenance of life on earth. Man has tried from time immemorial to harness this infinite source of energy. But has been able to tap only a negligibly fraction of this energy till today.
The broad categories of possible large scale applications of solar power are the heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings.
A. The chemical and Biological conversion of organic material to liquid solid and gaseous fuels.
B. Conversion of solar energy to Electricity
ENERGY SCENERIO
Drastic changes in energy conversion system are anticipated due to shortage of conventional fuels. Fuel deposit in the world will soon deplete by the end of 2020. Fossil fuel scarcity will be maximum. The main reasons for the above are due to increasing demand for electricity, rising population, rapid advance in technology.
It is worthwhile to mention here that indiscriminate use of commercial energy has lead to serious environment problems like air and water pollutions. Man, when he is embarking on use of alternate sources of energy should bear in mind, his environment. The creation of new source of perennial environmentally acceptable, low cost electrical energy as a replacement for energy from rapidly depleting resources of fossil fuels is the fundamental need for the survival of mankind.
SOLAR ENERGY OPTIONS
Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy and it will be one of the most important source of energy especially when other sources in the country have depleted. Solar energy could supply all the present and future energy needs of the world on a connecting basis. This makes it one of the most promising of the nonconventional energy sources.
Solar Energy can be a major source of power. Its potential is 178 billion MW which is about 20,000 times the worlds demand. The energy radiated by the sun on a bright sunny day is approximately 1kw/m2. The problem associated with the use of solar energy is that its availability varies widely with time. The variations in availability occur daily, because of the day-night cycle and also seasonally because of Earth’s orbit around the sun. In addition variations occur at a specific location because of local weather conditions. Consequently the energy collected with the sun is shining must be stored for use during periods when it is not available.
general concept
In 1968 Dr. Peter Glaser in the U.S. Published an idea that centered on the fact that in orbit close to earth, 1.43 KW of solar energy illuminates may one square meter which is considerably greater and one more continuous than an anyone square meter on the Earth which, even when perpendicular to the sun can receive only a maximum of 1 kw. His idea was, converting sunlight to electricity to convert to a radio frequency signal and beamed down to the earth carrying significant levels of energy. This electricity is by establishing a very large array of solar cells in geostationary orbit. A receiving antenna station on the earth would convert this radio frequency back into an alternate current which would be fed into a local grid.
Air Pollution
This can be caused by chemical reactants used in storage or organic fluids for heat transport. The release of CO, SO2, SO3, hydrocarbon vapors and other toxic gases should be accounted, through their magnitude is not high. The fire hazard associated with over heated organic working fluids exists. Human tissues when exposed would be destroyed because of high energy flux densities.
Land Use
Solar plants require large land and the collection field produce shading not normally present over large areas. This may cause disturbance in local ecosystem.
Noise and Thermal Effect
The thermal effects of solar plants are minimal. Actually these systems eliminate local thermal pollution associated with fossil fuel combustion. Some reduction in local environmental heat budget or balance will occur if electricity produced is exported elsewhere. Solar systems do not add any new noise to that already existing in the present industrial or utility areas.
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy by means of photovoltaic effect, i.e. conversion of light into electricity. Generation of an electromotive force due to absorption of ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic effect.
The energy conversion devices which are used to convert sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells.
Photo voltaic energy conversion is one of the most popular nonconventional energy source. The photovoltaic cell offers an existing potential for capturing solar energy in a way that will provide clean, versatile, renewable energy. This simple device has no moving parts, negligible maintenance costs, produces no pollution and has a lifetime equal to that of a conventional fossil fuel.
Photovoltaic cells capture solar energy and convert it directly to electrical current by separating electrons from their parent atoms and accelerating them across a one way electrostatic barrier formed by the function between two different types of semiconductor material.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY
The solar photovoltaic array consists of an appropriate number of solar cells connected in series and or parallel to provide the required current and voltage. The array is so oriented as to collect the maximum solar radiation throughout the year.
There may be tracking arrays or modules or fixed arrays. A tracking array is defined as one which is always kept mechanically perpendicular to the sun array line so that all times it intercepts the maximum isolation. Such arrays must be physically movable by a suitable prime mover and are generally considerably more complex than fixed arrays. A fixed array is usually oriented east west and tilted up at an angle approximately equal to the latitude of the site. Thus the array design falls into two broad classes.
CONCLUSION
This project which was enhanced with the scope of conserving the conventional fuels is successfully completed. The main objective, to increase the usage of renewable energy source for power generation is perfectly implemented. Taking into consideration the future energy scenario in the world, solar energy would be a major energy source. We wish that our project would be a mini encyclopedia for those who want to implement the above system.