24-09-2012, 11:43 AM
Solar Tracking System
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INTRODUCTION
The increasing demand for energy, the continuous reduction in existing sources of fossil fuels and the growing concern regarding environment pollution, have pushed mankind to explore new technologies for the production of electrical energy using clean, renewable sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. Among the non-conventional, renewable energy sources, solar energy affords great potential for conversion into electric power, able to ensure an important part of the electrical energy needs of the planet.
The conversion of solar light into electrical energy represents one of the most promising and challenging energetic technologies, in continuous development, being clean, silent and reliable, with very low maintenance costs. Solar energy is free, practically inexhaustible, and involves no polluting residues or greenhouse gases emissions. The conversion principle of solar light into electricity, called Photo-Voltaic or PV conversion,
This is a power generating method from sunlight. This method of power generation is simple and is taken from natural resource. This need only maximum sunlight to generate power. This project helps for power generation by setting the equipment to get maximum sunlight automatically. This system is tracking for maximum intensity of light.
REQUIREMENTS
As we know that the name of the project is solar tracking system so that the basic requirement is solar panel so that we are using a solar panel and the name indicates tracking system so we require a tracking device such as gear motor. We located gear motor on the panel so that we can move the panel as per sun direction therefore we can get more energy.
To control the speed of gear motor we are using timer IC or some electronics components such as resistance, transistor, relay, thermostat and diodes.
For the output purpose we are using a battery so that battery store the charge and then we are mounting a fan and one fluorescent tube this two are the output of the project.
HISTORY
Sunlight can be converted into heat and electricity in a number of ways. A variety of solar technologies are in production, and many companies and researchers are pursuing efforts to develop devices that convert the sun’s energy more efficiently.
PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY
Photovoltaic cells (PV) are used worldwide to convert sunlight into electricity. The PV cell contains two layers of semiconducting material, one with a positive charge and the other with a negative charge. When sunlight strikes the cell, some photons are absorbed by semiconductor atoms, freeing electrons that travel from the negative layer of the cell back to the positive layer, in the process creating a voltage. The flow of electron through an external circuit produces electricity. Since individual photovoltaic cells produce little power and voltage they generate only about one to two watts per cell they are connected together electrically in series in a weatherproof module. To generate even more power and voltage, modules can be connected to one another to form a solar panel; solar panels are grouped to form an array. The ability to add additional modules as needed is a significant advantage of PV systems. Several PV technologies are in use or in development. The silicon-based PV cell, made with the same silicon used in the semiconductor industry, has dominated the market and continues to do so.
CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR:-
A clock signal is produced by a clock generator. Although more complex arrangements are used, the most common clock signal is in the form of a square wave with a 50% duty cycle, usually with a fixed, constant frequency. Circuits using the clock signal for synchronization may become active at either the rising edge, falling edge, or, in the case of double data rate, both in the rising and in the falling edges of the clock cycle.
Clock signal In electronics and especially synchronous digital circuits, a clock signal is a particular type of signal that oscillates between a high and a low state and is utilized like a metronome to coordinate actions of circuits. Although the word signal has a number of other meanings, the term here is used for "transmitted energy that can carry information".
RELAY:-
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations
CONCLUSION
By making these project we conclusion these project is very useful for development of country as well as to the peoples. To use solar system if these system is use at every house and offices then it is possible to the solve problem of the load shading by making these project we learn about solar panel as well as about fault finding procedure an explaination of project.