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Introduction
Wireless phone standards have so many generations. The ancient stone-age sounding 1G, or analog cellular, then like 80’s rock came 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. The third generation fulfills all the limitations that are facing by the earlier generations. 3G is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications which is specified by the international union. 3G finds application in fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, wireless voice telephony & mobile Internet access.
3G refers to the 3rd generation of mobile telephony technology. It also contains two earlier versions first generation and the second generation. The first and second generations contains so many limitations. The third generation fulfills all the limitations that are facing by the earlier generations.
The first generation generated in early 80’s. It started with a commercial deployment of advanced mobile phone service which is known as AMPS cellular networks. But before that some early AMPS network services were there which had used with frequency division
multiplexing access (FDMA). It carries analog voice through channels in 800 MHz frequency band. 1st generation has facing some issues also which are Analog cellular phones are not very secure. Anyone who has its all band radio receiver connected to a computer can record the 32-bit serial numbers and phone numbers of subscribers when calling can listen on any conversation. This loophole was exploited in many ways.
Then came the second generation it called as 2G. It is generated in the early 90’s the major issues of second generation are in less populated areas, the weaker digital signal deployed on higher frequencies may not be able to reach a cell tower. Analog Signals have a smooth decay curve while digital has a steeply one. This can be called as both an advantage as well as a disadvantage. Under slightly bad conditions, analog experienced static, while digital has occasional dropouts. As conditions worsened, while analog got worse gradually, slowly digital signals started to fail completely, generally holding a call longer and allowing at least a few words to get through it. Because of the digital calls tend to be free of static and background noise, the loss compression used by the codec’s takes a toll; the range of sound that is conveyed is reduced. For example You hear less of the tonality of someone's voice talking on a digital cell phone, but you will hear it more clearly and properly.
We got 3G technology as the result of research and development work carried out by the International telecommunication Union which is called as ITU .3G standards and specifications are developed as the result of 15 years research. Make it available to the public in the name IMT-2000. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHZ was allocated for 3G. Its standard is approved by both the communication companies and the government. The first 3G network was launched in the year 1998 in japan,it is branded as FOMA. The first commercial release also was there in Japan in 2001. The 1st commercial united states 3G network was by Monet mobile networks, but this was later shutdown their operations. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison telecommunications branded as three or “3” in June 2003.
3G is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications which is specified by the international union. 3G finds application in fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access. 3G will support an information transfer rate at least 200 Kbits/s. later 3.5G and 3.75G also released, which also provides mobile broad band access of several Mbit/s tosmartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. Till now there are 4 generations each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non–backward compatible transmission technology.
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-- 2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling the International Telecommunication Union. It uses Wide
Brand Wireless Network with which clarity is increased. Packet Switching is usually using to send data’s. And the Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit Switching. Along with verbal communication it includes data services, access to television or video, new services like Global Roaming. It operates at a range of 2100 MHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20 MHz used for High-speed internet service, video chatting that will help to communicate with face to face. The main advantage is that 3G uses Wide Band Voice Channel that is by this the world has been contracted to a little village because it will a person to contact with other person located in any part of the world and can even send messages too.
Technologies under 3G: 3G Technology comprises of Wideband CDMA
• WLAN
• Bluetooth
• Universal
• Mobile telecommunication Systems (UMTS)
• High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
• Data are sent through packet switching.
• Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching.
• Global Roaming Clarity in voice calls
• Fast Communication
• Internet
• Mobile T.V
• Video Conferencing
• Video Calls
• Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS)
• 3D gaming and Multiplayer Gaming.
Even though 3G could solve some of the limitations in 2G and 3G it also contains some limitations like its earlier versions: Although the usage price of 3G technology has greatly reduced since its inception due to wider adoption, it still is very costly as compared to 2G technologies. Due to high bandwidth transmission of 3G technologies, power consumption greatly increases which results in reduced device battery life. The data consumption of 3G at times becomes so heavy due to the high transmission rates that it puts a big load on the network; to alleviate which, many cellular operators implemented data usage caps which were act as a disadvantage to the customers.