The flower is a group of reproductive organs of flowering plants, which develops fruits and seeds and thus helps to form new offspring of the plant. From the morphological point of view, the flower is a highly condensed and modified bud. Its function is reproduction.
In a typical flower there are four types of structures called floral leaves. These are arranged in four verticilos. The floral leaves are arranged in the swollen tops of the flower stalk. The stem of the flower is called a pedicel and the swollen top is called Thalamus. In the thalamus there are nodules present and internodes very reduced. The floral leaves are transmitted to the nodes in verticilos.
4 floral whorls
The four floral whorls taken from the periphery to the center are the following:
1. Calyx: is the most external whorl and the floral leaves of this whorl are called sepals. Its function is the protection of internal whorls and also of photosynthesis when it is green.
2. Corolla: is the second whorl of floral leaves that are called petals. These protect the two internal whorls and also work to attract insects for pollination.
The chalice and the corolla are called spiral flower accessories. In some plants, although there are two verticilos, they do not differentiate between them. In this case, both verticilos are called perianto and each part of perianto is called tepal. If the accessory spirals are absent in a flower, it is called an achlamydous flower (naked flower), if the two accessory spirals are present only one whorl is called a monoclamid flower and if the two whorls are present, it is called the dichlamydous flower.
3. Androceo: this is the third whorl of floral leaves and is the male reproductive organ of the flower. Each modified floral leaf is called a microsporophyll or stamen.
4. Gynoecium (PistiI): this is the last (fourth) central whirl of floral leaves
and is the female reproductive organ of the flower. Each modified floral leaf is called a megasporophile or carpel. Each gynoecium is composed of one or more mega-sporophylls (carpels).