05-12-2012, 01:07 PM
What Is Biotechnology ?
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Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses.
Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms.
Goals of biotechnology
To understand more about the processes of inheritance and gene expression.
To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders.
To generate economic benefits, including improved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production.
Importance of Biotechnology
In today's era, when people are exposed to so many physical disorders, biotechnology plays a vital role in developing medicines, vaccines, energy production, and conservation. To keep pace with the competitive world, India has launched a comprehensive programme in biotechnology to make use of the resources available. In India the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) was established in the year 1986 under the ministry of Science and Technology.
It is imperative that India has to keep up with the increasing demand for food from the ever expanding population. Agricultural land is also shrinking. Genetic engineering of plants to increase their yield is the way to go in future.
Biotechnology can be used in a wide range of economic activity ranging from environment, animal husbandry, medicinal and aromatic plants, bio fuels, aquaculture and products like silk and leather.
Biotechnology development
Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter includes domestication.
Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology, Fermentation promoted food production and medicine.
Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information of organism by using Genetic engineering.
Biotechnology the sunrising sector in India
After becoming an IT bellwether, India is now shifting its focus to the most promising industry of the future, Biotechnology. With its large pool of scientific talent, world-class information technology industry, and vibrant pharmaceutical sector, India is well positioned to emerge as a significant player in the global biotech arena.
Medical Biotech Segment
The Indian pharmaceutical market is growing very rapidly. According to a study by Mckinsey, Indian Pharma industry is expected to grow to an innovation-led US $45 billion industry by 2015 with a market capitalization of almost US $170 billion from the current US $20 billion generic based drug industry. The vaccine market is expected to grow by roughly 20%.
Agri Biotech Segment
India being the second largest food producer, offers a huge market for biotechnology products, especially agribiotech products.
India has an excellent scientific infrastructure in agriculture, rich bio-diversity and skilled and low cost human-power.
In a report by Ernst & Young it is expected that the Nutraceuticals market is roughly US $532-638 million presently and growing.
With its 8000 kilometer of coastline including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshwadeep islands,India has a rich aqua culture and its Marine resource development holds great potential.
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is the application of statistics and computer science to the field of molecular biology.
The development and implementation of tools that enable efficient access to, and use and management of, various types of information.