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04-03-2013, 12:19 PM
Wireless transmission of electricity
Wireless transmission.docx (Size: 16.82 KB / Downloads: 28) ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the concept of transmitting power without using wires i.e., transmitting power as microwaves from one place to another is in order to reduce the transmission and distribution losses. This concept is known as Microwave Power transmission (MPT). We also discussed the technological developments in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT.The advantages, disadvantages, biological impacts and applications of WPT are also presented. INTRODUCTION One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite over head conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agenciesput that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. Any problem can be solved by state–of-the-art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient powertransmission. WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Nikola Tesla he is who invented radio and shown us he is indeed the “Father of Wireless”. Nikola Tesla is the one who first conceived the idea Wireless Power Transmission and demonstrated “the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon electrical conductivity as early as 1891. In 1893, Tesla demonstrated the illumination of vacuum bulbs without using wires for power transmission at the World Columbian Expositionin Chicago. The concept of Wireless Power Transmission System is explained with functional . In the transmission side, the microwave power source generates microwave power and the output power is controlled by electronic control circuits Components of WPT System The Primary components of Wireless Power Transmission areMicrowave Generator, Transmitting antenna and Receiving antenna (Rectenna). Microwave Generator The microwave transmitting devices are classified as Microwave Vacuum Tubes (magnetron, klystron, Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), and Microwave Power Module (MPM)) and Semiconductor Microwave transmitters (GaAs MESFET, GaNpHEMT, SiC MESFET, AlGaN/GaN HFET, andInGaAS). Magnetron is widely used for experimentation of WPT. Transmitting Antenna The slotted wave guide antenna, microstrip patch antenna, and parabolic dish antenna are the most popular type of transmitting antenna. The slotted waveguide antenna is ideal for power transmission because of its high aperture efficiency (> 95%) and high power handling capability. Rectenna The concept, the name ‘rectenna’ and the rectenna was conceived by W.C. Brown of Raytheon Company in the early of 1960s . The rectenna is a passive element consists of antenna, rectifying circuit with a low pass filter between the antenna and rectifying diode. The antenna used in rectenna may be dipole, microstrip or parabolic dish antenna. The patch dipole antenna achieved the highest efficiency among the all. Schottky barrier diodes (GaAs-W, Si, and GaAs) are usually used in the rectifying circuit due to the faster reverse recovery time and much lower forward voltage drop and good characteristics. CONCLUSION The concept of Microwave Power transmission (MPT) and Wireless Power Transmission system is presented. The technological developments in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), the advantages, disadvantages, biological impacts and applications of WPT are also discussed. This concept offers greater possibilities for transmitting power with negligible losses and ease of transmission than any invention or discovery heretofore made. Dr. Neville of NASA states “You don’t need cables, pipes, or copper wires to receive power. We can send it to you like a cell phone call – where you want it, in real time”. We can expect with certitude that in next few years’ wonders will be wrought by its applications . |
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