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ABSTRACT
“Future of transportation infrastructure”
There are many technologies involved in intelligent transportation system,
Wireless communications
Computational technologies
Floating car data/floating cellular data
Sensing technologies
Inductive loop detection
Video vehicle detection
.
Intelligent transportation system i.e. ITS has wide range of applications as,
Electronic toll collection
Emergency vehicle notification systems
Cordon zones with congestion pricing
Automatic road enforcement
Collision avoidance systems
Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence
Intelligent Vehicle
A broad range of diverse technologies, known collectively as intelligent transportation
systems (ITS), holds the answer to many of our transportation problems. ITS is comprised of a
number of technologies, including information processing, communications, control, sand
electronics. Joining these technologies to our transportation system will save lives, save time,
and save money.
1. Background:
Intelligent Transportation Systems help meet the transportation challenges:
A broad range of diverse technologies, known collectively as intelligent
transportation systems (ITS), holds the answer to many of our transportation problems. ITS is comprised of a number of technologies, including information
processing, communications, control, sand electronics. Joining these
technologies to our transportation system will save lives, save time, and save
money.
The future of ITS is promising. Yet, ITS itself, is anything but futuristic.
Already, real systems, products and services are at work throughout the world.
Still, the wide-scale development and deployment of these technologies
represents a true revolution in the way we, as a nation, think about
transportation. While many aspects of our lives have been made more pleasant
and productive through the use of advanced technologies, we have somehow
been content to endure a transportation system whose primary controlling
technology is the four-way traffic signal -- a technology that has changed little
since it was first invented. It has taken transportation a long time to catch on, but
now the industry is sprinting to catch up.
Fulfilling the need for a national system that is both economically sound
and environmentally efficient requires a new way of looking at -- and solving --
our transportation problems. The decades-old panacea of simply pouring more
and more concrete neither solves our transportation problems, nor meets the
broad vision of an efficient transportation system.
Traffic accidents and congestion take a heavy toll on lives, productivity,
and wastes energy. ITS enables people and goods to move more safely and
efficiently through a state-of-the-art, intermodal transportation system.
Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion and
a synergy of new information technology for simulation, real-time control, and
communications networks. Traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide as
a result of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth, and changes
in population density. Congestion reduces efficiency of transportation
infrastructure and increases travel time, air pollution, and fuel consumption.
The United States, for example, saw large increases in both motorization
and urbanization starting in the 1920s that led to migration of the population
from the sparsely populated rural areas and the densely packed urban areas into
suburbs. The industrial economy replaced the agricultural economy, leading the
population to move from rural locations into urban centers. At the same time,
motorization was causing cities to expand because motorized transportation
could not support the population density that the existing mass transit systems
could. Suburbs provided a reasonable compromise between population density and access to a wide variety of employment, goods, and services that were
available in the more densely populated urban centers. Further, suburban
infrastructure could be built quickly, supporting a rapid transition from a
rural/agricultural economy to an industrial/urban economy.
Recent governmental activity in the area of ITS – specifically in the
United States – is further motivated by the perceived need for homeland security.
Many of the proposed ITS systems also involve surveillance of the roadways,
which is a priority of homeland security. Funding of many systems comes either
directly through homeland security organizations or with their approval. Further,
ITS can play a role in the rapid mass evacuation of people in urban centers after
large casualty events such as a result of a natural disaster or threat. Much of the
infrastructure and planning involved with ITS parallels the need for homeland
security systems.
In the developing world, the migration of people from rural to urbanized
habitats has progressed differently. Many areas of the developing world have
urbanized without significant motorization and the formation of suburbs. In areas
like Santiago, Chile, a high population density is supported by a multimodal
system of walking, bicycle transportation, motorcycles, buses, and trains. A
small portion of the population can afford automobiles, but the automobiles
greatly increase the congestion in these multimodal transportation systems. They
also produce a considerable amount of air pollution, pose a significant safety
risk, and exacerbate feelings of inequities in the society.
Other parts of the developing world, such as China, remain largely rural
but are rapidly urbanizing and industrializing. In these areas a motorized
infrastructure is being developed alongside motorization of the population. Great
disparity of wealth means that only a fraction of the population can motorize,
and therefore the highly dense multimodal transportation system for the poor is
cross-cut by the highly motorized transportation system for the rich. The urban
infrastructure is being rapidly developed, providing an opportunity to build new
systems that incorporate ITS at early stages.