13-04-2012, 02:23 PM
Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles
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Nanoscience
Study on fundamental relationships between physical properties and material dimensions on the nanometer scale
Nanoparticle Synthesis Strategies
Coprecipitation
Sol-gel Processing
Microemulsions
Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
Microwave Synthesis
Sonochemical Synthesis
Template Synthesis
Biomimetic Synthesis
Application of Hydrothermal Synthesis
Preparation of important solids such as
Microporous crystals
Superionic conductors
Chemical sensing oxides
Electronically conducting solids
Complex oxide ceramics and fluorides
Magnetic materials
Luminescence phosphors
Apparatus in Solvothermal Synthesis
To prevent corrosion of the internal cavity of the autoclave, protective inserts are generally used. These may have the same shape of the autoclave and fit in the internal cavity (contact-type insert) or be a "floating" type insert which occupies only part of the autoclave interior. Inserts may be made of carbon-free iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, titanium, glass (or quartz), or Teflon, depending on the temperature and solution used.
TiO2 nanocrystals
Variety of production methods have been developed such as
Aerosol pyrolysis
Sol–gel technique
Calcination of amorphous titania
Surfactant-based colloidal synthesis
Advantages of Solvothermal synthesis
Easy and precise control of the size, shape distribution, crystallinity of the final product through adjusting the parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent type, surfactant type, precursor type an the like.
Disadvantages of Solvothermal synthesis
The need of expensive autoclaves
Safety issues during the reaction process
Impossibility of observing the reaction process