06-11-2012, 01:42 PM
Bluetooth Technology Overview
Bluetooth Technology.pdf (Size: 132.12 KB / Downloads: 58)
A Global Specification for Wireless Connectivity
Bluetooth, named for Denmark's first Christian king and not a dire dental condition, is the name of
a technology specification for small form factor, low-cost, short-range radio links between PCs,
handheld’s, mobile phones and other computing and electronic devices. The Bluetooth SIG
(Special Interest Group) is an industry group consisting of leaders in the telecommunications and
computing industries that are driving development of the technology and bringing it to market.
Over 2000 companies have executed the Bluetooth adopter’s agreement and are members of the
Bluetooth SIG.
Technical Features
Bluetooth technology provides a 10-meter personal bubble that supports simultaneous transmission
of both voice and data for multiple devices. Up to 8 data devices can be connected in a piconet,
and up to 10 piconets can exist within the 10-meter bubble. Each piconet supports up to 3
simultaneous full duplex voice devices (CVSD).
The gross data rate is 1Mb/s, but the actual data rates are 432Kbps for full duplex transmission,
721/56Kbps for asymmetric transmission, and 384 Kbps for TMS2000 transmission.
Division Duplex scheme is used for full-duplex transmission.
Bluetooth wireless technology is designed to be as secure as a wire with up to 128-bit
public/private key authentication, and streaming cipher up to 64 bit based on A5 security. The
encryption strength can be very robust which is good for establishing a secure link, but there may
be export problems when shipping from the US. Different hardware with smaller encryption key
lengths may be required to meet US export controls.
Bluetooth Logo Program
One of the goals of the Bluetooth SIG is to make wireless connections easy and simple to use. To
ensure the best possible customer Bluetooth experience as well as interoperability with other
Bluetooth devices, the Bluetooth SIG is developing a logo program, which will validate
compliance with the published Bluetooth specification as well as interoperability with other
Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth devices that successfully complete the Bluetooth testing criteria will
have the right to bear the official Bluetooth logo. A self-certification program will be used as an
interim solution to enable Bluetooth products to ship with the Bluetooth logo in advance of the
official Bluetooth logo program at the end of 2000. Under the interim self-certification program,
each Bluetooth capable device must list the other Bluetooth devices that have been tested for
interoperability. The Logo program is very comprehensive in its scope. It will include not only
radio and protocol interoperability, but also usage profiles. Profile interoperability testing must be
performed on products to obtain a Logo and the Logo will specify which usage profiles the product
will support. This level of interoperability testing and qualification is unique for the industry and
is being done to ensure devices can execute applications together and meet end-user expectations.
When Will Bluetooth Technology Be Introduced?
Version 1.0A of the Bluetooth specification was completed and released July 28, 1999.
Subsequently, the Bluetooth SIG allowed for the publication of errata to the “original”
specification, and version 1.0B was published in December 1999. In November 2000, the
Bluetooth SIG is expected to release version 1.1 of the Bluetooth specification. The industry is
already working towards developing products to the 1.1 specification.
What Can I Expect Beyond the Version 1.0 Specification? 1
Whereas the 1.0 specification focused primarily on cable replacement scenarios, the Bluetooth 2.0
specification will strive to deliver many more advanced and valuable usage models. In support of
the 2.0 specification development, the Bluetooth SIG has created new working groups to
investigate a variety of new usage models that will return new profiles for the 2.0 specification.
BLUETOOTH ISSUES
Frequency Usage Conflicts
Bluetooth radios operate in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz band. The problem that Bluetooth technology
will face is that even at 2.4 GHz, the bandwidth is finite. Because this is an unlicensed band, any
number of devices can use it. The 2.4 GHz frequency range used by Bluetooth is currently shared
by other wireless communication standards such as 802.11b LANs, HomeRF LANs, and urban and
suburban wireless telecommunications systems such as Metricom.
Compliance Concerns
Other organizations, including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), are concerned about
Bluetooth as well. However, Microwave oven usage in aircraft is accepted as normal and safe and
Bluetooth emissions are comparable or lower. The operating airline has the ultimate responsibility
for approving Bluetooth, and testing by the SIG members (including Intel and Boeing) is currently
in progress. Bluetooth technology uses the same bandwidth frequency that several local wireless
technologies use, which could mean data collisions and lost data. Also, Spain, France and Japan
currently have reserved portions of the Bluetooth frequency spectrum for other use.
The Bluetooth
SIG is actively lobbying for these frequency reservations to be lifted. Japan has agreed in principle
to free up the reserved portion and is currently pending Government approval.
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY USAGE MODEL
Bluetooth technology was designed to be small and inexpensive. Bluetooth technology has no
line-of-sight requirements making it a potential replacement for infrared ports. Bluetooth can
operate through walls or from within your briefcase. Portable PCs can wirelessly connect to
printers, transfer data to desktop PCs or PDAs, or interface with cellular phones for wireless WAN
(Wide Area Networking) access to corporate networks or the Internet.
Cable Replacement
Bluetooth will enable users to connect a wide range of computing and telecommunications devices
easily and simply, without the need to buy, carry, or connect many proprietary cables. It delivers
opportunities for rapid ad hoc connections, and the possibility of automatic, unconscious,
connections between devices. It will virtually eliminate the need to purchase additional or
proprietary cabling to connect individual devices. Because Bluetooth can be used for a variety of
purposes, it will also potentially replace multiple cable connections via a single radio link. It will
allow users to think about what they are working on, rather than how to make their technology
work. For instance, Bluetooth radio technology built into both the cellular telephone and the
laptop would replace the cumbersome cable used today to connect a laptop to a cellular telephone.
Bluetooth Technology.pdf (Size: 132.12 KB / Downloads: 58)
A Global Specification for Wireless Connectivity
Bluetooth, named for Denmark's first Christian king and not a dire dental condition, is the name of
a technology specification for small form factor, low-cost, short-range radio links between PCs,
handheld’s, mobile phones and other computing and electronic devices. The Bluetooth SIG
(Special Interest Group) is an industry group consisting of leaders in the telecommunications and
computing industries that are driving development of the technology and bringing it to market.
Over 2000 companies have executed the Bluetooth adopter’s agreement and are members of the
Bluetooth SIG.
Technical Features
Bluetooth technology provides a 10-meter personal bubble that supports simultaneous transmission
of both voice and data for multiple devices. Up to 8 data devices can be connected in a piconet,
and up to 10 piconets can exist within the 10-meter bubble. Each piconet supports up to 3
simultaneous full duplex voice devices (CVSD).
The gross data rate is 1Mb/s, but the actual data rates are 432Kbps for full duplex transmission,
721/56Kbps for asymmetric transmission, and 384 Kbps for TMS2000 transmission.
Division Duplex scheme is used for full-duplex transmission.
Bluetooth wireless technology is designed to be as secure as a wire with up to 128-bit
public/private key authentication, and streaming cipher up to 64 bit based on A5 security. The
encryption strength can be very robust which is good for establishing a secure link, but there may
be export problems when shipping from the US. Different hardware with smaller encryption key
lengths may be required to meet US export controls.
Bluetooth Logo Program
One of the goals of the Bluetooth SIG is to make wireless connections easy and simple to use. To
ensure the best possible customer Bluetooth experience as well as interoperability with other
Bluetooth devices, the Bluetooth SIG is developing a logo program, which will validate
compliance with the published Bluetooth specification as well as interoperability with other
Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth devices that successfully complete the Bluetooth testing criteria will
have the right to bear the official Bluetooth logo. A self-certification program will be used as an
interim solution to enable Bluetooth products to ship with the Bluetooth logo in advance of the
official Bluetooth logo program at the end of 2000. Under the interim self-certification program,
each Bluetooth capable device must list the other Bluetooth devices that have been tested for
interoperability. The Logo program is very comprehensive in its scope. It will include not only
radio and protocol interoperability, but also usage profiles. Profile interoperability testing must be
performed on products to obtain a Logo and the Logo will specify which usage profiles the product
will support. This level of interoperability testing and qualification is unique for the industry and
is being done to ensure devices can execute applications together and meet end-user expectations.
When Will Bluetooth Technology Be Introduced?
Version 1.0A of the Bluetooth specification was completed and released July 28, 1999.
Subsequently, the Bluetooth SIG allowed for the publication of errata to the “original”
specification, and version 1.0B was published in December 1999. In November 2000, the
Bluetooth SIG is expected to release version 1.1 of the Bluetooth specification. The industry is
already working towards developing products to the 1.1 specification.
What Can I Expect Beyond the Version 1.0 Specification? 1
Whereas the 1.0 specification focused primarily on cable replacement scenarios, the Bluetooth 2.0
specification will strive to deliver many more advanced and valuable usage models. In support of
the 2.0 specification development, the Bluetooth SIG has created new working groups to
investigate a variety of new usage models that will return new profiles for the 2.0 specification.
BLUETOOTH ISSUES
Frequency Usage Conflicts
Bluetooth radios operate in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz band. The problem that Bluetooth technology
will face is that even at 2.4 GHz, the bandwidth is finite. Because this is an unlicensed band, any
number of devices can use it. The 2.4 GHz frequency range used by Bluetooth is currently shared
by other wireless communication standards such as 802.11b LANs, HomeRF LANs, and urban and
suburban wireless telecommunications systems such as Metricom.
Compliance Concerns
Other organizations, including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), are concerned about
Bluetooth as well. However, Microwave oven usage in aircraft is accepted as normal and safe and
Bluetooth emissions are comparable or lower. The operating airline has the ultimate responsibility
for approving Bluetooth, and testing by the SIG members (including Intel and Boeing) is currently
in progress. Bluetooth technology uses the same bandwidth frequency that several local wireless
technologies use, which could mean data collisions and lost data. Also, Spain, France and Japan
currently have reserved portions of the Bluetooth frequency spectrum for other use.
The Bluetooth
SIG is actively lobbying for these frequency reservations to be lifted. Japan has agreed in principle
to free up the reserved portion and is currently pending Government approval.
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY USAGE MODEL
Bluetooth technology was designed to be small and inexpensive. Bluetooth technology has no
line-of-sight requirements making it a potential replacement for infrared ports. Bluetooth can
operate through walls or from within your briefcase. Portable PCs can wirelessly connect to
printers, transfer data to desktop PCs or PDAs, or interface with cellular phones for wireless WAN
(Wide Area Networking) access to corporate networks or the Internet.
Cable Replacement
Bluetooth will enable users to connect a wide range of computing and telecommunications devices
easily and simply, without the need to buy, carry, or connect many proprietary cables. It delivers
opportunities for rapid ad hoc connections, and the possibility of automatic, unconscious,
connections between devices. It will virtually eliminate the need to purchase additional or
proprietary cabling to connect individual devices. Because Bluetooth can be used for a variety of
purposes, it will also potentially replace multiple cable connections via a single radio link. It will
allow users to think about what they are working on, rather than how to make their technology
work. For instance, Bluetooth radio technology built into both the cellular telephone and the
laptop would replace the cumbersome cable used today to connect a laptop to a cellular telephone.