25-04-2011, 02:30 PM
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S.POORNIMAA
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China's Tianhe-1a
Meaning Milky Way
National University of Defense
Technology (NUDT)
uses 1000 of Intel Westmere processors
with Nvidia Fermi graphics accelerators
2.507 petaflops, or quatrillion calculations /second
(A petaflop is one thousand trillion (one quadrillion)
operations per second.)
7,168 GPUs and 14,336 CPUs
Greatest Scientific challenges
Advancing Clean Energy
Understanding Earth’s Climate
Complex modeling
Simulation capabilities to improve economic
Prosperity and Global competitiveness
IBM’s MIRA
Based on BLUE GENE/Q
Uses 1000 of IBM’s POWER7 core
20 times faster, running programs at
10 quadrillion calculations per second, or 10 petaflops
EXASCALE COMPUTING
Exascale computing has the potential to address a class of highly complex workloads that have been beyond our reach
For example, scientists will have to scale their current computer codes to more than 750,000 individual computing cores, providing them preliminary experience on how scalability might be achieved on an exascale-class system with hundreds of millions of cores.
Current supercomputers of IBM
2005-a 5-teraflop
BlueGene/L
2008-a 500-teraflop
Blue Gene/P
2010-upcoming
Blue Gene/Q, called "Mira,"
• SPEED OF MIRA
• “If every man, woman and child in the United States performed one calculation each second, it would take them almost a year to do as many calculations as Mira will do in one second”
Mira will be 20 times faster Than
INTERPRID ,current Blue Gene/P machine
• HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
64-bit CPU capable of handling 4 threads simultaneously
has 32 KB of L1 cache -- 16 KB for data and 16 KB for instructions
. L2 cache is made up of 8 MB of embedded DRAM (eDRAM )
Memory and I/O controllers are integrated on-chip
Compute performance is delivered by using a large number of relatively low-speed cores -- a hallmark of the Blue Gene architecture.
• FEATURES
Mira will encapsulate 750K cores, which works out to about 48,000 CPUs.
Total memory is 750 TB, backed by 70 petabytes of disk storage.
Mira will be cooled by a specially designed water cooling system.
Last year, the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility won an Estar (Environmental Sustainability) award for the innovative energy-efficient cooling it designed for its current system. .
fastest and most energy-efficient in the world, thanks to a combination of innovative chip designs and extremely efficient water-cooling
COST-$50 million, plus another $4 million to $5 million annually to pay for electricity bills
• APPLICATIONS
will be used by Argonne National Laboratory for more practical applications, including
designing electric car batteries
analyzing global climate change
simulating the evolution of the universe.
To model tropical storms and evolution of the universe
IBM says that Mira will be "operational" in 2012, at which time it may become the fastest in the world.
• UPCOMING PROJECTS
10-petaflop model called Blue Waters for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
a 20-petaflop IBM model called Sequoia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory