26-05-2012, 01:48 PM
ANTI HIV USING NANOROBOTS
16) Anti Hiv Using Nano Robots.doc (Size: 965.5 KB / Downloads: 88)
ABSTRACT:
Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens. Nano is one billionth of one. Nanotechnology is the technology in which the operations are performed on nanometrics. It is the application of different technologies primarily interested in the reduction of size. The credential part of this paper gives the theoretical application of nanodevices in the treatment of AIDS. There is no technology for the treatment of AIDS. Some of the drugs of specific composition are given to the patients depending on the intensity of the disease.
The drugs using nowadays are able to increase the lifetime to a few years only. To make the treatment more specific, we use the nanodevices that use nanosensors to sense the AIDS infected WBC’s. In this we are using nanorobots to Get back the HIV infected WBC’s. By doing so constant levels of WBC’s are maintained in the blood stream. Thus the AIDS patient is provided with the immune system so that he can defend himself from diseases.
WHAT IS A MEDICINAL NANOROBOT?
Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers (1 nm equals one millionth of a millimeter). When fully realized from the hypothetical stage, they would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to perform tasks in both the Medical and industrial fields that have heretofore been the stuff of science fiction
Nanomedicine’s Nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists report the exterior of a Nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded.
IMMUNESYSTEM:
Whenever any foreign substance or agent enters our body, the immune system is activated. Both B- and T-cell members respond to the threat, which eventually results in the elimination of the substance or agent from our bodies. If the agent is one which goes inside one of our cells and remains there most of the time (intracellular pathogens like viruses or certain bacteria which require the inside of one of our cells in order to live), the "best" response is the activation of cytotoxic T-cells (circulate in the bloodstream and lymph), which eliminate the agent through killing of the cell which contains the agent
(agent is otherwise "hidden"). Both of these kinds of responses (B-cell or cytotoxic T-cell) of course require specific helper T-cell biochemical information as described above.
OPERATION OF HIV:
How HIV Specifically Affects the Immune System
Remember about the proteins, which are part of the envelope of HIV?Well, one of these proteins, named gp 120, (a sugar-containing protein called a glycoprotein, of approximately 120,000 molecular weight), "recognizes" a protein on helper T-cells named CD4, and physically associates with it. The CD4 [Cluster of Differentiation Antigen No. 4] protein is a normal part of a helper (both Th1 and Th2) T-cell's membrane.
Method of infection of HIV
Thus, CD4 is a specific receptor for HIV. This virus however, can also infect other cells which include macrophages and certain other kinds of cells which can engulf substances through a process known as phagocytosis.
CHALLENGES FACED BY NANOROBOTS:
While designing nonorobots in nanoscale dimensions there should be a better understanding of how matter behaves on this small scale. Matter behaves differently on the nanoscale than it does at larger levels. So the behavior of the nanorobots must be taken care so that they do not affect us both inside and outside the body.