05-03-2011, 11:25 AM
SAD-LECT1.ppt (Size: 276 KB / Downloads: 97)
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
INTRODUCTION
A title given to a person who studies the problems and needs of an organization looking for improvement opportunities.
n SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: A Complete (Formal) Perspective
n Systems Planning
n Systems Analysis
n Systems Design
n Systems Implementation
n Systems Evolution
n System
n Name & Address Book
n CD Collection
n Course Registration
n Reservations
n Student Grades
n Payroll
n ATM machine & Banking in General
n Check-Out Counters at Retail Stores
n Order Fulfillment - Mail or Web Ordering
n Manufacturing
n Securities Portfolio Management
n Space Shuttle Flight
n Election Results
n Video Games (Arcade and Home)
n System
H A SYSTEM is a set of:
n interrelated components
n working together
n for a common purpose
An AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM IS:
n a type of fabricated system
n used by one or more persons
n to help them accomplish some task or assignment they have
n utilizes hardware and software in addition to data, people, procedures
n …plus all the aspects of a system
n DATA - input, output, or already stored electronically
n FUNCTIONS - transformations or actions taken
n BEHAVIOR - the observable effects from interaction
n Systems Analysis and Design is the process people use to create (automated) information systems
H The people who do SYSTEMS ANALYSIS and DESIGN produce information systems that are:
4 used internally within the organization
4 sold commercially via mail/web order or retail store
4 imbedded in products
4 Initially, problem domains (areas) tend to have poorly defined BOUNDARIES
4 Problem domain SOLUTIONS are artificial
4 Problem domains are DYNAMIC
4 Problem domain solutions usually require INTERDISCIPLINARY knowledge and skills
4 Systems Analyst’s KNOWLEDGEBASE is continually expanding
4 Systems Analysis and Design is a highly COGNITIVE activity
4 Working with PEOPLE
Studies the problems and needs of an organization looking for improvement opportunities for:
n increasing revenue/profit
n decreasing costs
n improving quality of service
Effective and efficient:
n CAPTURE of input data
n PROCESSING & STORAGE of data
n DELIVERY of timely and accurate information
• Functional Business Knowledge
• Verbal & written communication skills
• Systems Analysis and Design work experience
n Labor intensive
n Smallest team = you
n Next smallest team = you and one other (user)
n Average team = several systems analysts and users
n Articulation of the business problem is difficult
n Users and systems analysts come in all sizes and shapes
n Problems - “something needs to be fixed”
n Opportunities - “good deals”
n Directives - “do it…or else…”
n Planning
n Feasibility Study (optional)
n Requirements Determination
n Conceptual Design
n Physical Design
n Construction and/or Purchase (prototype)
n Training
n Conversion - old to new
n Implementation
n Evolution - maintenance & enhancements
n The system is for the user
n A Work Breakdown Structure should be used (ie., SDLC)
n Systems analysis and design is iterative and overlapping
n Information systems are capital investments for the business
n Project manager may have the authority to cancel a project
n Project documentation is important all along the way
n Senior management approval/support is very important