21-09-2016, 12:09 PM
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machine or software. It is the academic field of study which studies how to create computers. Computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior. It is the study and design of intelligent field as “the study and design of intelligent agents”. Intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy coined the term in 1955. AI research is highly technical and specialized and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. The central problems of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. There are a large number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics and many others.The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, including computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience as well as other specialized.
Artificial intelligence including the following areas of specialization such as games playing (programming computers to play games against human appends) , expert systems (programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations) , natural language (programming computers to understand natural human languages) , neural networks (systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains) , robotics (programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli.
Machine learning is another core part of AI. Learning without any kind of supervision requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions. Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Machine perception deals with the capability to use sensory inputs to deduce the different aspects of the world, while computer vision is the power to analyze visual inputs with few sub-problems such as facial, object and speech recognition. Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping.
Knowledge engineering is a core part of AI research. Machine can often act and react like humans only if they have abundant information relating to the world. Artificial intelligence must have access to objects, categories, properties and relations between all of them to implement knowledge engineering. Initiating common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power in machines is a difficult and tedious approach.
The advantages for Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as Jobs-depending on the level and type of intelligence these machines receive in the future, it will obviously have an effect on the type of work they can do, and how well they can do it (they can become more efficient). As the level of AI increases so will their competency to deal with difficult, complex even dangerous tasks that are currently done by humans, a form of applied artificial intelligence.