13-09-2012, 01:04 PM
Industrialisation
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INTRODUCTION
Industrialisation has the potential to help achieve a variety of social objectives such as employment, poverty eradication, and gender equality, labour standards, and access as employment, poverty eradication, gender, equality,labour standards, and greater access to education and healthcare. At the same time, industrial processes can have negative environmental impacts, causing climate change, loss of natural resources, air and water pollution and extinction of species.These threaten the global environment as well as economic and social welfare.The overriding policy challenge for the EU isto promote the positive impacts of industrial development while limiting or eliminating its negative impacts. The development and application of the environment-friendly technology,products and services, and management systems have the potential to achieveboth environmental sustainability and economic growth.The EU is determined toensure a pattern of economic and industrial development that is sustainable. Ahigh level of environmental protection and sustainable resource use, economicgrowth and social cohesion are mutually reinforcing. Economic development is fundamentally a process of structural transformation This involves the reallocation of productive factors from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, industry and services, and the reallocation of those factors among industrial and service sector activities. If successful in accelerating economic growth, this process involves shifting resources from low- to high-productivity sectors. More broadly, sustained economic growth is associated with the capacity to diversify domestic production structure that is, to generate new activities, to strengthen economic linkages within the country and to create domestic technological capabilities. The industrial and modern service sectors typically contribute dynamically to this diversification process. Indeed, the evidence of the past quarter century – or, indeed, of the post-war era in the developing world – clearly indicates that rapid growth in the developing world has been invariably associated with diversification of production into manufacturing and modern.