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1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION:
The ‘Indian dairy industry has made rapid progress since independence .a large number of modern milk and milk produts factories have been established. These organized dairies have been successfully engaged in the routine commercial production of pasteurized milk and milk products.
India is the world’s largest milk producer that is certified by the ‘international dairy industry ‘. This is the reason for the recognition of India as dairy giant by united nation’s food & agriculture organization (FAO)’.
Milk is an important &essential commodity to human life. The significance of milk is human life can be traced from Vedic period. Cow is considered as the “living god” & milk as “Amrutha” in Vedic version. Milk is having immeasurable value in use, which has been explained in many slokas Vedas. Upanishads & puranas
According to “charaka”, who is considered as the father of Ayurveda system of medicine holds the important of milk as “milk has ten properties viz, sweetness, coldness, softness, unctuousness, density, smoothness, heaviness, slowness and charity”
Dr Benjamin spoke in his famous work “the common sense book of baby & Child Care”, states milk contains almost all the food elements that a human being needs protein, fat, sugar, minerals & most of Vitamins, milk is the only food contains a lot of calcium.
In the period of human civilization buying and selling of milk was considered as sin. The inner measuring if this tradition was it is the duty of each person to posses milk cattle so as to use milk for him self & distribute to other in the society, milk & cattle was considered the wealth of the person.
The growth of civilization, modernized way of living, development of science & Technology. The scientific outlook of commercialization of human values changed the social structure and there by commercial outlook towards the production & marketing of milk has emerged.
Increased population & its growth rate in relation existing milk, animals, caused an imbalance between the demand and supply condition of milk production and marketing of milk has been considered a profitable business further the excess depending in agriculture concentration of population in rural areas the nature of unemployment and underemployment diverted the attention of the rural folk to consider milk production as a subsidiary occupation.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-
The main objectives of the project are:-
The study consists of two folded objectives i.e. main objectives and additional objectives. The main objective is to acquire practical knowledge about Raichur Bellary & Koppal milk union. The additional objectives are e as follows:
1. To study the general information about dairy industry in India.
2. To focus the swot technique application in RBKMU.
3. To discuss the elaborate details about the determinants of RBKMU.
4. To find out the problem of the organization.
5. To make suggestions to solve the problem.
3 INDUSTRIAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.3. A. ORGIN OF THE INDUSTRY
Dairying is the production and marketing of milk, usually cow’s milk product. It includes the case of cow of cow’s breeding, feeding, management product. The milk must be collected, processed into dairy products and markets. All these operations have been improved by physiological, genetic, nutritional, chemical, microbiological, technological, economical and marketing research and development.
Cattle, goat and sheep have kept by man for the production of milk since immemorial. Milk butter and cheese were common food of the people in those days. Hindu Vedas written before 1200 BC mentioned the use of butter as food. The Mongols in the middle ages prepared concentrated milk in the past and probably dairy form and used them as a time of civil war by Americans. Grim ode’s British patent for producing dried milk was issued 1855. But large production of dried milk did not being until 50 years.
1.3. B. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY
Early man found that the goat and sheep produced enough milk for his family. As the need of milk increased, the cow becomes established as a producer of milk in large scale. By 18th century, the practice of selective breeding was established. It has been said that cow is machine that converts raw materials (plant) into food in a surprisingly deficient manner. The method by which cattle are managed in order to produce milk can be accomplished in many ways.
Milk may be defined as the whole fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy milch animals (cow, buffalos). Milk is the only food, which is designed by nature solely as a food. It serves as the foundation of an adequate diet. As milk
Contains protein, vitamin and fats, it is very important for pregnant mothers, growing children, adolescent, adult, convalescents and patients alike. In the 20th venture the diary.
The dairy industry is witnessing rapid changes. In search of better returns, the industry is widening its focus to include traditional milk products, and these are emerging as new profit centres for the organised sector.
As of now, ethnic dairy products account for 90 per cent of all dairy products consumed in India, according to Mr P.R. Gupta, Editor, and Technology of Indian Milk Products.
A Dairy India publication, this handbook on process technology modernisation has been authored by dairy professionals such as Dr R.P. Aneja, former Managing Director of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and President of the Indian Dairy Association; Dr B.N. Mathur, Director, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal; Dr R.C. Chandan, President of Global Technologies Inc; and Mr A.K. Banerjee, Dairy Consultant and former Managing Director of the Bihar State Dairy Corporation.
1.3. C.PRESENT STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY
Over the last two decades, institutes such as the National Dairy Research Institute and NDDB have made possible assembly line production of ethnic dairy products such as shrikhand, gulab Jamoon, paneer, kulfi, mishti doi, dahi and lassi.
While established names in the Indian dairy industry such as Amul, Nestle, Britannia and Mother Dairy have made deep inroads into this booming market, small companies are following by example in regional markets.
Some examples are Aarey in Maharashtra, Aavin in Tamil Nadu, Nandini in Karnataka, Vijaya and Visaka in Andhra Pradesh, Milma in Kerala, KC Das in Kolkata and Bangalore, Sugam in Vadodara, Mahanand in Maharashtra, Verka in Punjab, Parag in UP, Sneha in MP and Parsi Dairy Farm in Mumbai.
1.3. D FUTRE OF THE INDUSTRY
National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), an institution of national importance was set up by the Government of India to promote, plan and organize programmes for development of dairy and other agriculture based and allied industries along cooperative lines on an intensive and nationwide basis.
Operation Flood (OF), an integrated dairy development Programme, completed its third phase on April 30, 1996. The main thrust of the Programme was to consolidate the gains already achieved, and to strengthen the dairy cooperative structure for sustainable development of the dairy industry in India.
After the completion of Phase 3 of Operation Flood, a Programme Implementation Agreement (PIA) was signed in 1997 between the EEC and the NDDB to strengthen cooperatives at the grassroots level. Consequently, measures were initiated from September 1997 and are continuing during 2004-05.
Perspective Plan, 2010
NDDB’s Perspective Plan 2010, developed in consultation with the 126 identified cooperative milk unions and covering four thrust areas-strengthening the cooperative business, enhancing productivity, managing quality and building a national information network-aims to professionalise the working of dairy cooperatives in the emerging liberalized business environment.
Strengthening the cooperatives
NDDB’s Institution Building Programme to strengthen dairy cooperatives in aspects like governance, management and economic viability, is being implemented in cooperative milk unions across the country. NDDB also organized 8 training programmes during the year for milk union personnel to enable them to facilitate these village level Institution Building programmes. So far, about 150 union personnel have been trained. During the year 2004-05 105 board members attended the programmes organized by NDDB to sensitize and involve the board of directors of milk unions in institution building.
Besides increasing the enrolment of women members in DCS and spreading awareness among rural women about health, nutrition and literacy, the activities under Enhancement of Women Involvement in Cooperatives (EWIC) have encouraged women to organize thrift groups and take up income generation activities. So far about 6149 Thrift Groups have been organized with membership of more than one Lakh women and collection amounting to Rs.9.88 crore. About 75 per cent of this amount is being utilized to service the credit needs of members.