17-06-2014, 03:06 PM
[b]PROJECT REPORT ON DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING[/b]
PROJECT REPORT ON DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL.pdf (Size: 1.29 MB / Downloads: 616)
ABSTRACT
Hyderabad is the fifth largest city in our country. As it is rapidly developing the construction in the city is very costly. Economic point of view if the building is constructed at a far distance from the city it will be cheaper and residents can live peaceful without any external polluted sources. Having a peaceful surroundings s the main point of view of most of the people in today’s lifestyle
STUDY AREA
Our proposed site is located at Vijaya buildings, Bandalguda, Nagole road, Hyderabad.
The main road which is near to site leads to kamineni hospital. A branch road of 10m which is near is existing wbm road connected very near to the plot. The total area of the site is about 235.11sq m. the residential building consists of two bed room.
INTRODUCTION
The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter. From times immemorial man has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has been to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of security, responsibility and shown the social status of man.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his pleasant living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept in view.
DEMAND OF HOUSES
The house is the first unit of the society and it is the primary unit of human habitation. The house is built to grant the protection against wind, weathers, and to give insurance against physical insecurity of all kinds.
The special features of the demand for housing consists of in its unique nature and depend on the following factors.
• Availability of cheap finance.
• Availability of skilled labours.
• Availability of transport facility.
• Cost of labours & material of construction.
• Predictions of future demand.
• Rate of interest on investment e. g., low rates of interest with facilities of long term payment may facilities investment in housing.
• Rate of population growth and urbanization.
• Supply of developed plots at reasonable prices.
• Taxation policy on real estates
• Town planning & environmental conditions.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation provide for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities.It includes single or multi-family dwellings, apartment houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residential hostels
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
These include any building used for school, college or day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation and which is not covered by assembly buildings
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
These buildings are used for different purposes, such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, diseases or infirmity, care of infants, convalescents or aged persons and for penal detention in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants
SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY
Selection of plot is very important for buildings a house. Site should be in good place where there community but service is convenient but not so closed that becomes a source of inconvenience or noisy. The conventional transportation is important not only because of present need but for retention of property value in future closely related to are transportation, shopping, facilities also necessary. One should observe the road condition whether there is indication of future development or not in case of un developed area.
SURVEY OF THE SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING
Reconnaissance survey: the following has been observed during reconnaissance survey of the site.
• Site is located nearly.
• The site is very clear planned without ably dry grass and other throne plats over the entire area.
• No leveling is require since the land is must uniformly level.
• The ground is soft.
• Labour available near by the site.
• Houses are located near by the site.
• Detailed survey: the detailed survey has been done to determine the boundaries of the required areas of the site with the help of theodolite and compass.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different classes of people & depends on the income &status of the individual a highly rich family with require a luxurious building, while a poor man we satisfied with a single room house for even poor class family. A standard residential building of bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room office room, guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front verandah, stair etc., for other house the number of rooms may be reduced according to the requirements of many available.
BUILDING BYE LAWS & REGULATIONS
Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.
• Open spaces around residential building.
• Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
• Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
• Provisions for safety from explosion.
• Provisions for means of access.
• Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
• Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
• Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
• Requirements for landscaping.
• Special requirements for low income housing.
• Size of structural elements.
LIVING ROOMS
This is the area is for general use. Hence the living & drawing room should be planned near the entrance south east aspects. During colder day the sun is towards the south & will receive sunshine which is a welcoming feature. During summer sunshine ti the northern side & entry of sunrays from southern or south – east aspects do not arise.
VERANDAH
There should verandah in the front as well as in the rear. The front verandah serves setting place for male members & weighting place for visitors. The back verandah serve a ladies apartment for there sitting, working controlling, kitchen works etc., verandah project the room against direct sun, rain & weather effect. They used as sleeping place during the summer and rainy season & are used to keep various things verandah also give appearance to the building. The area of a building may vary from 10% to 20% of the building
STAIR CASE
This should be located in a easily accessible to all members of the family, when this is intended for visitors it should be in the front, may be on one side of verandah. It meant for family use only, the staircase should be placed the rear. The stairs case should be well ventilated & lighted the middle to make it easy & comfortable to climb. Rises & threads should be uniform through to keep rhythm while climbing or descending
DESIGN OF SLAB
Slabs are to be designed under limit state method by reference of IS 456:2000.
• When the slab are supported in two way direction it acts as two way supported slab.
• A two way slab is economical compared to one way slab.
DESIGN OF BEAMS
Beam is a member which transfers the loads from slab to columns and then foundation to soil.
• Beam is a tension member.
• Span of slabs, which decide the spacing of beams.
• Following are the loads which are acting on the beams.
• Dead load
• Live load
• Wind load
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Columns are compression members.
• Larger spacing columns cause stocking columns in lower stores of multi storied buildings.
• Columns are transmitted loads which are coming from slabs to foundations. Larger spans of beams shall also be avoided from the consideration of controlling the deflection & cracking.
CONCLUSION
We can conclude that there is difference between the theoretical and practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more when practical work is done. As we get more knowledge in such a situation where we have great experience doing the practical work.
Knowing the loads we have designed the slabs depending upon the ratio of longer to shorter span of panel. In this project we have designed slabs as two way slabs depending upon the end condition, corresponding bending moment. The coefficients have been calculated as per I.S. code methods for corresponding lx/ly ratio. The calculations have been done for loads on beams and columns and designed frame analysis by moment distribution method. Here we have a very low bearing capacity, hard soil and isolated footing done