A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral (plants of the Magnoliophyta division also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to perform reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for sperm to attach to eggs. The flowers can facilitate the crossing (fusion of sperm and eggs of different individuals in a population) or allow self-fertilization (fusion of sperm and egg of the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). The flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, to make them be the vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the flower's ovary is converted into seeds containing fruits. In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have been admired and used by humans to beautify their environment and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In a typical flower there are four types of structures called floral leaves. These are arranged in four verticilos. The floral leaves are arranged in the swollen tops of the flower stem. The stem of the flower is called the pedicel and the swollen top is called the thalamus. In the thalamus there are very small nodes and internodes. The floral leaves are carried in the nodes in turns.
4 floral whorls consists a flower
The four floral whorls taken from the periphery to the center are the following:
1. Calyx: It is the outermost spiral and the floral leaves of this spiral are called sepals. Its function is to protect the inner whorls and also that of photosynthesis when it is green.
2. Corolla: It is the second whorl of floral leaves that are called petals. These protect the two internal whorls and also work to attract insects for pollination. The coryza and the corolla are called verticilos flower accessories. In some plants, although there are two verticilos, they do not differentiate between them. In that case, both verticilos are called perianth and each part of the perianth is called tepal. If a flower is missing the slopes, it is called an achlámida flower (naked flower), if of the two whorls accessories there is only one whorl, it is called a monolayer flower and if the two verticils are present it is called a dichloric flower.
3. Androecium: This is the third whorl of floral leaves and is the male reproductive organ of the flower. Each modified floral leaf is called a microsporophyll or stamen.
4. Gynoecium (PistiI): This is the last (fourth) central whorl of floral leaves
And it is the female reproductive organ of the flower. Each modified floral leaf is called megasporofila or carpel. Each gynoecium is composed of one or more mega-sporophylls (carpels).