25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
Market Based Instruments - Germany
Germany - Instruments env eco.ppt (Size: 4.01 MB / Downloads: 40)
Why Market-based instruments (MBIs)
Effective in environmental protection and climate change mitigation.
Low cost measures
Market based Instruments
ECOLOGICAL TAX REFORMS
Launched in 1999
Petrol , diesel , heating oil , natural gas taxed
In the case of electricity, a new tax was introduced.
Electricity tax used to subsidize launch of renewable energies
Bulk of the tax revenue generated used to reduce pension insurance contributions
Emission Trading
Initiated with implementation of EU Emissions Trading Scheme in 2004/2005
Covers sectors of electricity & heat, iron & steel, refining, glass, pottery, building materials and pulp & paper.
Accounts for control of 45 per cent of all CO2 emissions
German Action Plan
Environmental charges
Deposits for drink cans
Promoting use of reusable bottles
Compulsory deposit of packaging of drinks like Mineral Water, Beer,Soft drinks since 2003.
Positive support from population.
Landscape freed from throwaway cans
Road tolls for trucks
Implemented in 2005 for trucks on motoways
Road toll collection in the 1st year = 3 billion euros
Scope enhanced to include trunk roads as well as cars
Ecological Motor Vehicle Tax (MVT) )
Based on engine capacity and environmental emission classes
Represents 1.1 % of total taxation (100% = 7.9 billion Euros)
In 2005 , tax reductions for harmful SUV’s were removed